Alcohol Dependence
According to the World Health Organization, alcohol dependence is defined as a use disorder that results from repeated or continuous use of alcohol. Alcohol dependence according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria determined by the American Psychiatric Association; A problematic pattern of alcohol use that causes marked distress or impairment in daily life, as manifested by at least two of the following within a twelve-month period.
Gambling Addiction
In the International Handbook of Disease Classification (ICD-11), published by the World Health Organization, gambling disorder is among the behavioral addictions and is defined with the following features:
- Lack of control over gambling (in terms of initiation, frequency, intensity, duration, termination and context).
- Prioritizing gambling over other life interests or daily activities.
- Continuing to gamble or playing more despite negative consequences.
Substance Abuse
Substance addiction is classified under the name of substance use-related disorders in the International Disease Classification Handbook (ICD-11), the 11th revision of which was published by the World Health Organization. Chemical substances that cause behavioral, mental and physical changes when they enter the body and can be addictive are called addictive substances. These substances are referred to as psychoactive substances in medical sources.
technology addiction
Behavioral addictions, which occur due to the unconscious and uncontrolled use of technology and the internet, are defined as technology addiction, which manifests itself with addictive sub-behaviors such as gaming disorder, gambling disorder, excessive use of social media and smartphones.
Tobacco Addiction
According to the World Health Organization, the main symptoms of tobacco addiction, also called nicotine use disorder, are:
- Impairment of the ability to control use,
- Giving higher priority to tobacco use over other activities,
- A strong desire to use nicotine, which is manifested by continued use despite experiencing harm or negative consequences,
- Nicotine gradually loses its effect (tolerance development),
- Withdrawal symptoms after discontinuation or reduction of nicotine use,
- Continuing to use tobacco despite having recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of tobacco (for example, getting into arguments with others about tobacco use),
- Recurrent use of tobacco in potentially dangerous situations (for example, smoking in bed),
- Recurrent tobacco use (e.g., job interruption) resulting in the inability to fulfill major obligations as required by position at work, school, or home.